International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Vol. 1. Draft conference papers.

Irrigation managementDamsLocal managementPrivatizationWater users' associationsCase studiesTube wellsIrrigation designLarge scale systemsPerformanceCost recoveryUser chargesSustainability

International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Vol.3. Draft conference papers.

Irrigation managementIrrigation systemsFarmer participationPrivatizationSocial aspectsFarmers' associationsWater users' associationsTrainingPolicyFarmer participationEconomic aspectsFarmer managed irrigation systemsIrrigation programsRehabilitationWater resource management

International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Vol.2. Draft conference papers.

IndonesiaAustraliaIndiaSri LankaNigeriaVietnamBangladeshDominican RepublicTanzaniaNigerPhilippinesColombiaEgyptUzbekistanPeruNepalMexicoThailandIrrigation managementDamsLocal managementPrivatizationWater users' associationsWater distributionCanal irrigationTube well irrigationSocial aspectsFarmers' associationsLand reformSustainability

Bioengineering Techniques for Soil Erosion Protection and Slope Stabilization

The use of bio-engineering methods for soil erosion protection and slope stabilization has a long tradition. Old methods with rocks and plants, structures of timber have been used over the past centuries. Recently these old soil conservation and stabilization techniques have been rediscovered and improved. Biotechnical engineering methods have become part of geotechnical and hydraulic engineering and have helped bridge the gap between classical engineering disciplines, land use management, landscape architecture and biological sciences. In this paper the different uses of plants in hydraulic and geotechnical engineering design are presented. The core of this study is a comprehensive overview of the most important biotechnical construction methods used for soil erosion protection and slope stabilization. Methods, construction procedure, and the major advantages and disadvantages of these biotechnical methods are discussed. Considerations about construction and maintenance costs conclude in this paper.

Potentials for fisheries in the Niger Delta: Another green light for self sufficiency in regional food production

A discussion is presented on the potential for fishery development in the Niger Delta region, considering engineering activities and food production potentials of the freshwater zone and immediate hinterland, the brackishwater mangrove swamps and the estuaries. An examination of current trends in the environment indicates that a possible solution to improved exploitation of the region lies in hydraulic engineering, the manipulation of environmental conditions through varying freshwater and seawater inputs so as to increase aquatic and wetland productivit

Hydraulic Engineering into the 21st Century: the Rediscovery of the Wheel ? (1) A Review

Hydraulics is the branch of civil engineering related to the science of water in motion, and the interactions between the fluid and the surrounding environment. It is shown that hydraulic engineers were at the forefront of science for centuries. The end of the 20th century marked a change of perception in our society for hydraulic engineering. Is there a need for further hydraulic engineering? Yes, definitely. This is illustrated with an example (culvert design) and complemented by a second paper (CHANSON 2003). Some reflexions on the role of water engineering are presented. It is suggested that hydraulic engineers and academics must be pro-active to develop further scholarship and quality expertise as a part of a long-term strategy

Laboratory study on the effects of hydraulic and granulometric parameters on the response of granular soil to internal erosion

Erosion is a major environmental problem to agricultural land as well as to civil engineering infrastructures. Rainwater infiltration into granular soils can lead to the migration of fine particles by suffusion. This experimental study is conducted to evaluate the susceptibility to erosion of cohesionless soils. The soil under investigation was collected from the coastal region of Mostaganem (West of Algeria) where erosion has recently caused several damages. To assess soil instability to erosion, two approaches have been proposed in the literature: the geometric approach and the hydraulic approach. Few studies have examined the combination of the two methods. The objective of our study is the combination of the two approaches by determining the critical hydraulic load responsible for triggering erosion as a function of soil characteristics. An experimental parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of initial amount of fines, hydraulic gradient and axial stress on the initiation and evolution of suffusion. A combination of the interactions between these parameters allowed us to express the critical hydraulic gradient and to identify the hydraulic behavior of the soil according to the studied parameters. This approach can better estimate the erodibility of cohesionless soils. It can be used in future development studies at this site to reduce the risk of erosion

Elements of Hydraulic Engineering

by Ray K. Linsley, Jr. and Joseph B. Franzin

Should Field Works Be Compulsory in Hydraulic Engineering Courses ?

Engineering graduates should be familiar with real-world problems, practical applications and relevant solutions. Hydraulic engineers are no exception, but the teaching of open channel hydraulics is a major challenge. In open channel flows, the free surface rises and falls in response to perturbations to the flow (e.g., changes in channel slope or width). Field studies complement traditional lectures and laboratory work. Student fieldwork was introduced systematically in a series of hydraulic engineering subjects within undergraduate civil and environmental engineering curricula. Anonymous student feedback demonstrated a strong student interest for the fieldwork. This was associated with greater motivation for the course, leading in turn to lower failure rates. Feedback from former students indicated that fieldwork experience was an important component of their studies and helped their professional development. Employers testified that fieldwork are an essential component of a hydraulic engineering course and that it should be a requirement in all civil/environmental engineering curricula. This pedagogical experience demonstrated the very-significant role of fieldwork in the teaching of hydraulic engineering. Lecturers and professionals should not be complacent with university hierarchy and administration clerks intent on cutting costs by eliminating field studies. Although the preparation of fieldwork with large class sizes is a major effort, the outcome is very rewarding for the students and the lecturer. Yes, fieldwork should be definitely compulsory in each and every hydraulic engineering course

Model of Continuous Cheese Whey Fermentation by Candida Pseudotropicalis

The utilization of cheese whey as a fermentation substrate to produce bio-ethanol is an effort to supply bio-ethanol demand as a renewable energy. Like other process systems, modeling is also required for fermentation process design, optimization and plant operation. This research aims to study the fermentation process of cheese whey by applying mathematics and fundamental concept in chemical engineering, and to investigate the characteristic of the cheese whey fermentation process. Steady state simulation results for inlet substrate concentration of 50, 100 and 150 g/l, and various values of hydraulic retention time, showed that the ethanol productivity maximum values were 0.1091, 0.3163 and 0.5639 g/l.h respectively. Those values were achieved at hydraulic retention time of 20 hours, which was the minimum value used in this modeling. This showed that operating reactor at low hydraulic retention time was favorable. Model of bio-ethanol production from cheese whey will enhance the understanding of what really happen in the fermentation process